[Français]
Qu’est-ce qu’on entend par « les démons sont
enchaînés durant le Ramadân »?
Ce qui suit est une fatwâ du Shaykh Zubayr `Alî Zaî
(Rahimahullâh);
Question :
Il est mentionné dans le hadîth que les démons sont
enchaînés dans le mois du Ramadân. Mais
il est prouvé du Qur’ân, dans Sûrah al-Anfâl, verset 48, que durant la bataille
de Badr (dans le Ramadân), Shaytân est venu avec ses disciples (les Mushrikîn
de Makkah) [pour les aider] mais il s’est enfui. Il y a-t-il une possibilité de
concilier ce hadîth et le Qur’ân?
Réponse :
Il y a trois types de démons :
1. Le plus grand Shaytân Iblîs qui a refusé de
s’incliner devant Adam (que la paix soit sur lui).
2. Mardatul Shayâtîn, les Shayâtîn extrêmement
rebelles qui sont les chefs des autres démons.
3. Les Shayatîn généraux.
Le plus grand Shaytân Iblîs a demandé à Allâh de lui
accorder un délai jusqu’au Jour du Jugement et Allâh lui a accordé un délai
comme prouvé dans le Qur’ân [Sûrah al-A`râf, versets 14-18]
Il est rapporté d’Abû Hurayrah (radyAllâhu `Anhu) que
le Prophète (paix soit sur lui) a dit : « En celui-ci [c.-à-d. le
mois du Ramadân] Mardatul Shayâtîn sont enchaînés. » [Sunan an-Nasâ’î
4/129, Hadîth 2108 avec faible chaîne; Musnad Ahmad, Vol. 2, page 230, Hadîth
358 et 425]
Tous les narrateurs de cette narration sont fiables
mais il n’est pas prouvé que le Tâbi`î Abû Qilâbah ait entendu quoique ce soit
d’Abû Hurayrah. [Voir at-Targhîb wal Tarhîb, vol. 2, page 98]
Mais il y a beaucoup de Shawâhid de ce hadîth comme le
Hadîth de `Utbah bin Farqad dans lequel il est déclaré :
« En celui-ci [c.-à-d. Ramadân], chaque démon
Mârid (démon extrêmement rebelle) est enchaîné. » [Sunan an-Nasâ’î, Hadîth
2108, Musnad Ahmad 4/311-312, la chaîne est Hasan]
Il est prouvé à partir de ces Ahâdîth que les démons
extrêmement rebelles sont enchaînés dans le mois du Ramadân. Ceci est aussi le
Tahqîq de l’Imâm Ibn Khuzaymah [voir Sahîh Ibn Khazaymah, Vol. 3, page 188
avant le Hadîth 1883]
C’est un fait prouvé que ce qui est Khas [spécifique] a
la priorité sur ce qui est général (âm) et ce qui est Muqaiyyad [restreint/limité]
a la priorité sur ce qui est Mutlaq [général].
Je ne connais aucune preuve claire indiquant si les
Shayâtîn généraux sont enchaînés ou non. Donc, nous savons après cette
explication qu’il n y a aucune contradiction dans le Qur’ân et le Hadîth, wal
Hamdulillah. [Fatâwâ `Ilmiyyah, Vol. 2, p. 137-138]
Remarque : L’Imâm Ibn Khuzaymah a dit dans son
Sahîh (3/188) :
باب ذكر البيان أن النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - إنما أراد بقوله : "
وصفدت الشياطين " مردة الجن منهم ، لا جميع الشياطين " إذ اسم الشياطين قد
يقع على بعضهم ،
« Chapitre qui explique que ce que le Prophète (ﷺ) a voulu
dire quand il a dit que les démons étaient enchaînés, sont les Jin mârid
(rebelles) parmi eux, pas tous les démons, car le mot Shayâtîn (démons)
s’applique seulement à certains des Jin… »
Et il a rapporté le Hadîth suivant;
Abû Hurayrah (qu’Allâh l’agrée) a dit :
....قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : " إذا كان أول ليلة من رمضان صفدت الشياطين مردة الجن
- via Asim Ul Haq
--------------------------------------------------------
[English]
What is meant by the devils being chained up in Ramadaan?
Following is the fatwa of shaykh Zubair Ali Zai Rahimaullah.
Question
It is mentioned in the hadith that the the devils are chained up in the month of Ramadan, But it is proven from the Quran Surah al-Anfal verse 48 that at the battle of Badr (in Ramadan) Satan came with his followers (Mushrikeen of Makkah) as their helper but he ran away. Is there possibility to reconcile between hadith and Quran?
Answer
There are three types of Devils
1. Biggest Satan Iblees who refused to bow Adam peace be upon him.
2. Mardatul Shiyateen, extremely rebellious Shiyateen who are leaders of other devils.
3. General Shiyateen.
Biggest Satan Iblees asked Allah to reprieve him till the day of Judgment and Allah reprieved him as it is proven from Quran [Surah al-Araaf verses 14-18].
It is narrated from Abu Huraira ra that Prophet peace be upon him said:
"In it (Ramadan) Mardatul Shiyateen are chained up." [Sunan an-Nasa'i 4/129 hadith 2108 with weak chain, Musnad Ahmad vol 2 page 230 hadith 358 and 425]
All the narrators of this narration are trustworthy but it is not proven that the Tabiyee Abu Qilaba hear anything from Abu Huraira. [see at-Targheeb wal Tarheeb vol 2 page 98]
But there are many shawahid of this hadith like the hadeeth of Atba bin Farqad which states:
"And in it (Ramadan) every Maarid devil (extremely rebellious devils) are fettered." [Sunan an-Nasa'i hadith no. 2110, Musnad Ahmad 4/311-312 the Chain is Hasan]
It is proven from these ahadeeth that extremely rebellious devils are chained up in the month of Ramadan. This is also the tahqiq of Imam Ibn Khuzaima [see Sahih Ibn Khuzaima vol 3 page 188 before the hadith 1883]
This is a proven reality that Khas (specific) has priority over general (aam) and Muqaiyyad (restricted/limited) has priority over Mutlaq (general).
I don`t know any clear evidence that the general Shiyateen are chained up or not. So, we come to know after this explanation that there is no contradiction in Quran and hadeeth, Wal Hamdulillah. [Fatawaa Ilmiyyah, Vol. 2, Pg. 137-138]
Note: Imam Ibn Khuzaima said in his Saheeh (3/188):
باب ذكر البيان أن النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - إنما أراد بقوله : " وصفدت الشياطين " مردة الجن منهم ، لا جميع الشياطين " إذ اسم الشياطين قد يقع على بعضهم ،
"Chapter which explains that what the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) meant when he said that “the devils are chained up” is the maarid (rebellious) jinn among them, not all the devils, because the word shayaateen (devils) only applies to some of the jinn...."
and he narrated the following hadeeth
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said:
....قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : " إذا كان أول ليلة من رمضان صفدت الشياطين مردة الجن
The Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: “On the first night of Ramadan, the devils, the maarid (rebellious) jinn, are chained up....”
- via Asim Ul Haq
Following is the fatwa of shaykh Zubair Ali Zai Rahimaullah.
Question
It is mentioned in the hadith that the the devils are chained up in the month of Ramadan, But it is proven from the Quran Surah al-Anfal verse 48 that at the battle of Badr (in Ramadan) Satan came with his followers (Mushrikeen of Makkah) as their helper but he ran away. Is there possibility to reconcile between hadith and Quran?
Answer
There are three types of Devils
1. Biggest Satan Iblees who refused to bow Adam peace be upon him.
2. Mardatul Shiyateen, extremely rebellious Shiyateen who are leaders of other devils.
3. General Shiyateen.
Biggest Satan Iblees asked Allah to reprieve him till the day of Judgment and Allah reprieved him as it is proven from Quran [Surah al-Araaf verses 14-18].
It is narrated from Abu Huraira ra that Prophet peace be upon him said:
"In it (Ramadan) Mardatul Shiyateen are chained up." [Sunan an-Nasa'i 4/129 hadith 2108 with weak chain, Musnad Ahmad vol 2 page 230 hadith 358 and 425]
All the narrators of this narration are trustworthy but it is not proven that the Tabiyee Abu Qilaba hear anything from Abu Huraira. [see at-Targheeb wal Tarheeb vol 2 page 98]
But there are many shawahid of this hadith like the hadeeth of Atba bin Farqad which states:
"And in it (Ramadan) every Maarid devil (extremely rebellious devils) are fettered." [Sunan an-Nasa'i hadith no. 2110, Musnad Ahmad 4/311-312 the Chain is Hasan]
It is proven from these ahadeeth that extremely rebellious devils are chained up in the month of Ramadan. This is also the tahqiq of Imam Ibn Khuzaima [see Sahih Ibn Khuzaima vol 3 page 188 before the hadith 1883]
This is a proven reality that Khas (specific) has priority over general (aam) and Muqaiyyad (restricted/limited) has priority over Mutlaq (general).
I don`t know any clear evidence that the general Shiyateen are chained up or not. So, we come to know after this explanation that there is no contradiction in Quran and hadeeth, Wal Hamdulillah. [Fatawaa Ilmiyyah, Vol. 2, Pg. 137-138]
Note: Imam Ibn Khuzaima said in his Saheeh (3/188):
باب ذكر البيان أن النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - إنما أراد بقوله : " وصفدت الشياطين " مردة الجن منهم ، لا جميع الشياطين " إذ اسم الشياطين قد يقع على بعضهم ،
"Chapter which explains that what the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) meant when he said that “the devils are chained up” is the maarid (rebellious) jinn among them, not all the devils, because the word shayaateen (devils) only applies to some of the jinn...."
and he narrated the following hadeeth
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said:
....قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : " إذا كان أول ليلة من رمضان صفدت الشياطين مردة الجن
The Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: “On the first night of Ramadan, the devils, the maarid (rebellious) jinn, are chained up....”
- via Asim Ul Haq
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